Chemistry: Atomic Structure

Chemistry is fun. There are lots of things that I have learned in this subject. The way my professor teaches the lesson is so understandably good because I was able to love the subject in spite of its complexity. Due to my love of Chemistry, I would like to share some things about this subject that was discussed by my teacher in a way that it is easy for everyone to understand. This is how I take down my notes.

Defining the Atom

The Greek philosopher Democritus (460 - 370 B.C.) was among the first to suggest the existence of atoms (from the Greek word, "atomos"). He believed that atoms were individsible and indestructible. His ideas did agree with later scientific theory, but did not explain chemical behavior, and was not based on the scientific method. It is just mainly Philosophy.

Dalton's Atomic Theory (Experimental Based)
1. All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms.
2. Atoms of the same element are identical. Atoms of any element are different from those of any other element.
3. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds.
4. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated or rearranged - but never changed into atoms of another element.

Sizing up the Atom
*Element are able to be subdivided into smaller and smaller particles - these are the atoms, and they still have properties of that element.
*If you could line up 100,000,000 copper atoms in a sing file, they would be approximately 1 cm. long.
*Despite their small size, individual atoms are observable with instruments such as Scanning Tunneling (electron) microscope.

Structure of the Nuclear Atom
One change to Dalton's atomic theory is that atoms are divisible into subatomic particles: electrons, neutrons and protons. They are the fundamental particles.  There are many other types of particles like the mvon, meson, hyperon, positron and quarks.

Discovery of the Electron
In 1897, J.J. Thomson used a cathode ray tube to deduce the presence of a negatively charged particle, the electrn. The cathode ray tube passes electricity through a gas that is contained at a very low pressure.

Mass of the Electron
In !916, Robert Millikan determined the mass of the electron: 1/1840 the mass of a hydrogen atom. It has one unit of negative charge.

Conclusions from the Study of the Electron
a. Cathode rays have identical properties regardless of the element used to produce them. All elements must contain identically charged electrons.
b. Atoms are neutral, so there must be positive particles in the atom ot balance the negative charge of the electrons.
c. Electrons have so little mass that atoms must contain other particles that account for most of the mass.

Eugene Goldstein in 1886 observed what is now called the "proton" - particles with a positive charge, and a relative mass of 1 (or 1840 times that of an electron). In 1932, James Chadwick confirmed the existence of the "neutron", a particle with no charge, but a mass nearly equal to a proton.

Subatomic Particles:
Electron has -1 charged, with a mass of 9.11 x 10 to the power of -28 g and it is located in the election cloud.
Proton is of +1 charged, with a mass of 1.67 x 10 to the power of -24 and it is found in the nucleus.
Neutron is of 0 charged, with a mass of 1.67 x 10 to the power of -24 and it is found in the nucleus.

Thomson's Atomic Model
Thomson believed that the electrons were like plums embedded in the positively charged "pudding" thus it was called the "plum-pudding model".

Ernest Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment in 1911
Alpha particles are helium nuclei. The alpha particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold foil. Particles that hit on the detecting screen (film) are recorded.

Rutherford's Findings regarding the Atom
*Most of the particles passed through
*A few particles were deflected
*A very few particles greatly deflect

Conclusions:
a. The nucleus is small.
b. The nucleus is dense or heavy
c. The nucleus is positively charged

The Rutherford's Atomic Model (Experimental Based)
*The atom is mostly an empty space.
*All the positive charge and almost all the mass is concentrated in a small area in the center. He called this as the nucleus.
*The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons (they make the nuclei).
*The electrons distributed around the nucleus, and occupy most of the volume.
*His model was called a "nuclear model" 

Discount Cologne from Well-known Brand Names

Fragrance. It adds to one's person aura and personality. 

The pleasant environment comes from the idea of a very soothing and clean air especially when it also comes from the fragrances. Just like these discount cologne that really keeps people from all walk of life fresh and invigoratingly pleasant.

Putting the mood of our days in work and whatever appointments and agenda we have always are in the right track when we do apply fragrance that uplifts our mood to work and attract forces of any sides of the world's acquaintances.

For better status and mood all the time, anywhere and everywhere, it is always a good feel to braise ourselves with discount cologne that really works, making our day alright.  

Philosophy: The Human Body as an Object and Subject

Philosophy is a very great subject. In fact, when my professor discusses the lessons, I am always in the interesting side of really listening to him so that I could fully know more about the things which pertains to life.

We had a long quiz last week and part of the questions that he has given us are the following: (and here are my answers.)

Explain the totality of human person as an: 
A. Object 
My answer: Human body is regarded as part of nature. Our body is part of this world. Whatever our body does influences more in our environment. Our body is also subject for destruction as we experienced sickness, illnesses, diseases and even death. It is also susceptible to limitations for it can't pursue more activities if it is weak. Our body is also a physical and material being. We experienced thirst, hunger, pain and even love. It is also the seat of physical pleasures like it can perform sex and is in regard to satisfaction. Furthermore, our body exists in space and time. The place of our body here on earth really connotes that it has its share and it goes on in time.

B. Subject
My answer: Our body is an incarnate spirit. It is the spirit in the flesh. It knows what it does for it always adheres to the dictates of its spirit. Moreover, our body is an instrument of meaning. The purpose defines that means, not just to satisfy our physical needs but rather it explains our purpose of existence. Our body incorporates to different relationships. It is connected to relate well with others for communication. Persons can't live without conversing with other human being and that our body as well is a relational being.

A Long Days of Examination

Studying really takes time. It is a long process and ever continuous. It doesn't end. And that is the main reason why I haven't written much on my personal blog.

Being in school needs more time. School means to be serious all the time to make a good grade. School is about learning and learning more. It is more on an experience that everyday, students are endowed with various lessons, assignments, projects and even surprises quizzes. The teachers display various moods. There are those that are happy type, very serious type, very meticulous and very, very strict ones. That is the so-called part of learning and all of them are part in school.

School can be fun. It is always my pleasure and I find it more pleasing and challenging that I learn a lot in school. My teachers gave me more things to learn and they feed me with plenty of teachings that others I find it too complicated to learn.

It has been my wants to always learn and never stop learning for I know that this is the only thing in this world that can't be vanished and when I grew even more, I never have the chance to be stagnant with not learning. I find being in school a very pleasant experience. And I love it.

Problem in Chemistry: Significant Figures

I love Chemistry, but the quiz that we last week is so hard that our instructor told us to give the exact significant figures of the answer in a fixed answer.The question are:

1. From the sum of 23.90, 0.00034 and 123.234, subtract the product of 12.32 and 2.34.
2. What is the velocity of an automobile in meter per second that travels 12 kilometers east in three hours?
3. A rectangular piece of aluminum is 3.07 cm and 2.30 cm wide. a.) Find the area of the rectangle. B.) What is the area in square feet? c.) in square mile?
4. The mass of the planet Saturn ois 5.69 x 10 the the power of 26 kg. and its radius is 6.03 x 10 to the power of 7 m. a.) compute the average density of Saturn in kg/meter 3, using powers-of-ten notation and the correct number of significant figures. Express the density of Saturn in g/cm3. Will an object with the same average density of Saturn float in water?

The various definition of the word "Quality"

The school where I am at now shared various quotations that has been posted through a wall that has been hung in the covered court upper area. While passing along the pathway, I can see numerous quotes that talks merely on QUALITY and here are some of those that I have got:

1. Quality is fitness for us.
2. Quality is not an option but an obligation.
3. Quality is a joint effort.
4. Quality starts and ends in education.
5. A thinking student is a productive student.
6. Not to go forward is not to go backward.
7. Quality is not an act. It's a habit.
8. Quality is conformance with requirements.
9. Everything can be improved.
10. Quality is everyone's responsibility.
11. Quality is the expression of human excellence.
12. It is easier to do a job right than to explain why you didn't.
13. Quality is doing right things right.
14. Quality begins on the inside and then works its way out.
15. Quality willbe prized as a precious possession.
16. Quality is free but only to those who are willing to pay heavily for it.
17. Quality is conformance to specified requirements and is never an accident.
18. Quality is being: Creative, Innovative, and Forthright.
19. Professionalism means consistency of quality.
20. It is quality rather than quantity that matters.
21. Quality is never an accident; it is always the result of high intention, sincere effort, intelligent direction and skillful execution; it represents the wise choice of many alterations.
22. Quality is not achieved by doing different things. It is achieved by doing things differently.
23. The quality of expectations determines the quality of our actions.
24. Quality is not something extraordinary. It is something ordinary due extraordinary well.
25. The quality of a person's life is in direct proportion to their commitment to excellence regardless of their chosen field and endeavor.

How does man's individuality relate to his social nature?

Based on my own point of view, here is my answer:

At first from the beginning of God's creation, He made man on the 7th day. But because God finds man alone and is lonely, God formed Eve, a woman to be his companion in life. In this sense, I can say that man is not an island. He is a social being molded to communicate, to interact, socialize and deal with his like, human beings. Man is capable to feel. He has given his free will and rights so that he could fully exercise what he thinks he wants to do. He is endowed with dignity and worth to be able to relate well with others. He is indulged with senses and rational thinking which makes him dominant over all of God's creation.

Man is made for all. 

American Silver Eagles: Buy silver coins online.

Investment. That indeed matters most in any field especially on the side of the business world everyday of man's life.

The sole wants of the people are always connected with profit and how to make investment worth a huge profit. Of all the many businesses that has been shared everyday, there are those that really top the choice of making the lives of the people not at stake, but in great deal of huge profit. This entitles them to fully enjoy the kind of life that leads them to what is known as success. And the main reason for their booming business is to divert coins into something and even more valuable of its profit.

Buy silver coins. It is the kind of idea that will lead you to be more richer and progressive about your business. With this coins, it paves ways for you to save more and spend reasonably because you are doubling or in tripled opportunity of making your capital, a huge investment of profit.

There are lots of coins that most businessmen are into buying these days, 1 oz gold american eagle, American eagle gold coin and American silver eagles are but a few of those kinds that makes their lives their best priority in progressively making them with sense.

It can't be denied that a person who always have the positive outlook of making things in a more developed and progressive parts always have the capacity to really attain what he wants in life. With the idea that comes from a brighter clue that to buy silver coins will actually make businessmen more richer than they could really imagine. And it can make you richer as well in many ways.

We all can be richer and that is if we just only know the ways on how to get there. But this facts that I am instilling everyone really does makes sense. With no extra, huge load of working, with just buying silver coins online, it leads you to divert in a more vigorous kind of living. Not only that, buying silver coins online makes your life more reasonable, more secured and always ready.

The world displays lots of intricacies, but you can never be wrong if you are always on the right track.

How to fight obesity

Are you struggling in deep frustration everyday? What makes you feel so? Are you leading into false hopes of making everything out from losing weight and that you just can't have them? Then, this is the better choice of making that frustrations into a life full of hopes.

Almost all of the people in the world especially those who are overweight or obese really display lots of frustrations in life and even resulted to total depression everyday. But who says there is no possible way to discard that negative feeling in them.

The answer, http://www.shoppharmacycounter.com/t-phentermine.aspx! Why prolonging your agony when you can all have it here.

For a better you that defines the real you, life is always making a good sense and obesity is not a big problem! 

Descartes: Philosophy of Human Person

Philosophy of Human Person interest me to broaden my mind on ideas that is based on the explanation of great philosophers. Their contributions pave way of how people think and donate some possibilities that things happen based from explanation.

One that interest me is the view from the perspective of Descartes.

Descartes viewed the two main substances in the universe which is matter or the so-called res extensa and mind which is known as res cogitans.  

According to his belief, res extensa refers to the material world while res cogitans refers to the immaterial mind endowed to us by our Almighty God that defines the individuals in us.

The mind as what he stressed out, can exist apart from its extended body and therefore, the mind is a substance that is different from the body. That indeed, characterizes the nature of the mind. For mind, it is purely thought but for the body, it is an extension.

Descartes proved explanation on this that his idea of the body being independent of the mind showed the view that the spirits enter the brain cavities, which then proceeded to the nerves and change the shapes of the muscles in order for movements of the body to happen.

This is what we call the Mechanistic View. We can compare the body as well to the objects like the clocks or the fountains that explains the same phenomenon of happenings. But Descartes postulated then that our body is in every way better built than any mechanism a human could devise. 

Tama Drums defines music to live

Music is the heart of everyone's soul, the efficacy that bring forth one's mood and signifies the ultimate meaning in what someone feels. 

In the whole world, Music is inseparable to living. It seeks to define life and it transforms people in their own ways of how they interpret the meaning of a certain song that they could get something out from it.

But the source of true quality of Music donates a big part in the role making life a priority. That is why, musical instruments are geared towards producing the best music quality that touches, transforms and even invigorates people to go on with life.

Tama Drums brings us to some sort of effect that assures everyone to get quality music. It seeks to make every ear a resounding sound of satisfaction. Its quality of the sounds produced brings life a chance to make everyone hear the song and feel the rhythm of music to life.

Tama Drums has been used by most of the artists in any ways that they can bring quality music to the audiences' lives. 

Why do we study our lesson? Philosophical View

Studying takes a lot of time and effort to heed the academic approach of encountering what we need to learn in school and in the community. Even communing with friends and facing the daily approaches in life always takes time to learn. And studying is part of learning. But what is studying for?

Based from my teacher in Philosophy, he cited views based on the explanation regarding this matter in a Christian Perspective. He said that "Man's purpose of his existence or life is geared towards eternal happiness, to develop his self, to seek the ultimate truth who is God, Himself."

Doing what is right and learning to study everyday in a serious way is making ourselves contented with the accomplishment that we too can benefit. In this part, we are studying with the main reason, to ultimately be happy and gain that satisfaction that can improve ourselves. That happiness bound to seek the reason why we need to study because we want to fully enjoy and make happiness the center of our search. God is the happiness that bounds us to strive harder especially when we study. We study because we want to look for the best, we want to be the best, we want to be the very best and that best defines our happiness, which is in place search our quest to know God, to encounter Him and meet him in our lives based on the kind of seriousness that we shared in our studying. 

Business Insurance: The Right Protection for Lifetime

Securing for the right process always assures a life filled with no worries and great satisfaction.

When in comes to business and business lines, it is always a better idea to deal with things that makes our business in the peak of its protection. Now, that is what it takes to have a business insurance.

Take for example, our business is hampering a very big problem that it is so hard to equately solve. Now the role of business insurance is to come in a certain process that does not make our business reach in a chaos state of problem. In fact, it is the frontline in making its best to secure and protect our business from any problems that it may encounters or it is the sole armor that always initiates lifetime safety and protection that assures, secures and safeguards our every business not to loss in any ways.

For the best protection for lifetime, business insurance is the right answer! 

You can be a saint without a god.

This question was posted by our teacher in my Philosophy subject as he gave us our 3rd quiz for this month. The question is: Explain this statement, "You can be a saint without a god."

My answer is:

To be of help in this world, it doesn't need religion, laws, rules and regulations for you to help. You can be a hero in your own self by truly extending help to the people not because your religion or the laws dictates you to do so. It is your freedom to choose to do good and better for mankind. It is not because you have your religion that tells you that you need to do good, or you need to do this, instead to do better is irregardless of what your affiliations or regulations of this land implies you.

This talks about freedom, the free will to do good. It is always better to extend help. It is always our freedom. But if we help because of the thought that we come to be the public icon after reaching out to others, then that is another story.

To be ourselves is to be in our own ways. It is always the credit in us that we take happiness in helping out from our own will.

Pool Heat Pump: Effectively Economical

Swimming in the pool can be a good leisure activity for kids, families, friends and especially for you. In fact, water in the pool invigorates to give every face a glow of a happy experiences while one dives and takes a plunge in the pool. No matter how the pool keeps everyone in a happy mode, still there is a very serious case that lets us keep to tone ourselves in securing for the very best pool experience.

Because of the drastic change of the weather, oftentimes we can't impede experiencing the coldness of the atmosphere and no matter how we take a plunge, we feel uncomfortable because the water is very cold. But there is no worry because there is a very helpful tool that will aid us from keeping ourselves enjoyable while we are having our water adventure.

The pool heat pump is a great help in accommodating and sheltering us with the right state of water level that even though it is cold we can still have a good experience in the pool. Pool Heat Pump gives us total heat protection out from diving into the pool, keeping us satisfied, protected and even enjoyable as we take our every smiles of taking swimming strokes no matter what sides in the pool.

For the very best pool experiences in all seasons, pool heat pump is to the rescue!

What makes cosmocentrism the center in philosophy?

My Philosophy teacher posted this question yesterday as part of our 2nd quiz for this month. The question is: 

"What makes cosmocentrism the center in any philosophical inquiry?"

My answer is: Cosmocentrism relates to cosmos or the universe which makes as the centerpoint in any philosophical inquiry. In the cosmos, the presence of man and woman who in the first place are created by God lives in the so-called universe. In fact, it is through the presence of the man that makes them the center of the cosmos. Its existence makes it more clear which drives the universe to be the point of study from everything. Furthermore, in the cosmos with the presence of man also lies the elements or the presence of fire, water, land and air that emanates its existence. Due to these things, the cosmos in such a way is regarded as the main point of study. 

The pain of not letting go.

Life doesn't promise happiness at all times without undergoing to feel pain. In pain comes great happiness.

When being hurt because of a heartache due to failed relationship, at first, it is like sticking into the concept of always thinking about the situation and recalling things that boils to circle of what has happened or to whom is being wronged.

There are great things in life that needs to be cherished and sticking into the past can't make a person move to a new, brighter future.

When you are in tragic hurt, it is best to initial a coping mechanism that drives you not to stick to your past. It is better for you to:

FEEL THE PAIN. Just let the pain take you to the way of forming you. Don't let the pain stop you from feeling it because the more you experience to feel the pain, the more you will get tired of it and then it will not cross to your mind then. Thus, you need to savorly feel it without any prententious acts. Accept with full gladness that pain delivers to hurt you even more.

DEFINE WHAT YOU FEEL. You need to be certain why you need to feel the pain. Too much exaggeration of feeling it will no longer feeling the pain in a more defined manner. There are pain that needs not to really think about it more. And there are those that really makes you think it even harder. What are your pains for? That is the best way to go away with the kind of feeling so that you can be able to unleash the strings in the attachment of more pain.

ACCEPT THE PAINFUL EXPERIENCE. There is no greater peace within when you try to recapitulate with open arms the pain that you are experiencing. Pain is the revealed truth and of course, knowing the truth is such a very painful experience. But escaping to define it is just a waste of your time. Think that it will just pass. But you need to accept first that you feel the pain because for the most reason that you will be transformed into whole again.

 MOVE ON. When you feel the true hurt out of reason why you are hurting then it is your time to give a break of yourself and move on, forgetting everything about the person. Through total forgetting the one that hurts you is the only solid evidence that you will be at peace. Don't ever imagine that everything will be going to be well again. That is you see any case of that single opportunity, but if not, then go away and leave that memories behind of you and him or her. It only needs a step to go forward in the life of moving on. It is the hardest but it is the best that you can do.

Hurt is not easy. It needs processes. When doing the right process, then happiness be yours.